Tuesday, November 18, 2008

Analys av Börscykel och Investeringsklocka

Investeringsklockan visar hur olika tillgångsslag (kontanter, obligationer, aktier, råvaror, och fastigheter) bör fördelas i olika ekonomiska tider och miljöer. Jag går inte in i detaljerna men enligt modellen befinner vi oss kring kl 18.00, d v s i övergången mellan stagflation och reflation (alltså när inflationen är som högst). När väl räntesänkningarna inleds lönar sig investeringar bäst i obligationer (då räntorna är fasta över en bestämd löptid). Denna fas håller på till kl 20.00 då börsen bottnar (följt av konjunkturbotten kl 21.00) och brukar i snitt pågå i snitt 4-6 månader...

M a o är aktier billiga nu men ger ingen bra kortsiktig avkastning. MEN... Affe har inga obligationer så vi kan skippa detta steg och titta närmare på konjunkturtåget.

Först i tåget går en rad råvaruanknytna branscher som delar av skogen och järn-stålverk.
Sedan kommer branscher som tillverkar insatsvaror för industrin och konsumtionsvaror för export.
Sist i konjunkturcykeln följer upp eller nedgång för de delar av industrin som är inriktad på investeringsvaror. Regelbundna eftersläntrare är därför delar av maskinindustrin och lastbilstillverkare.

Konjunktursignal 1 är när EU:s finansministrar börjar tala om att stimulera ekonomin och sänker de korta räntorna kan utvecklingen mycket väl bli densamma som under slutet av 80-talet (vad pratar politikerna om just nu...?).

Konjunktursignal 2 kommer från sågverken (t ex Rörvik Timber, Berg Timber). De är nästan alltid tidiga i det här sammanhanget. Orderingången för sågverksindustrin, som den mäts i konjunkturinstitutets (KI:s) barometrar, brukar normalt vända uppåt ungefär ett år innan man får samma signal för maskinindustrin och andra industrigrenar som släpar efter i konjunkturen. Omvänt gäller att sågverken går ner först. Jag vill dock påpeka att skogs- och sågverksindustrin är utsatta för kraftig internationell lågkostnadskonkurrens (främst Ryssland) så rationalisering och utslagning kan komma nu i recessionstider...

Konjunktursignal 3 resp 4 är Industri resp Handel. Dessa ligger så långt fram i tiden så dessa lämnar jag utan kommentar.

En normal börscykel är ca 5 år (1-1,5 år ner och 3-3,5 år upp). Om nuvarande börcykel (2002-2009) kan nämnas att precis som i Sverige i början på 1990-talet så drivs börsen av utlånings- och fastighetsboom. Därför blir nedgången kraftigare och cykeln längre än vanligt (alltså ca 7 år). Från toppen sommaren 1990 föll börsen -48%. Fallet sedan sommaren 2007 tills idag är större än 1990 men det beror nog på att nu sker det globalt medan det då var en svensk kris.

Alltså är vi inne i en klassisk Fas 1 (av 4)!

När det är som allra sämst (!) och när "alla" talar om hur dåligt det är (!!) och om hur d-t det ser ut för näringslivet (!!!) då vänder kurserna uppåt. När Riksbanken sänker styrräntorna då får detta börsen att vända. Det skedde i oktober 1992 och börsen hann faktiskt stiga 80-100 procent innan de första bekräftande signalerna kom på att konjunkturen verkligen hade vänt. Då brukar aktier anses dyra eftersom p/e-talen stigit samt centralbanken börja höja styrräntor för att stävja inflationshot. Dags att plocka hem vinsterna....

Slutsatsen är att vi skall börja köpa/vikta om aktier MEN fokusera på cykliska aktier som alltid går bäst i Fas 1. Den cykliska gruppen innehåller bland annat skogsföretag (med risker som nämts ovan), flera av verkstadsföretagen, råvaruföretag och tryckerier. Dessa är mycket känsliga för förändringar i konjunktur, valutakurser och råvarupriser. Så vad säger ni om Rörvik Timber, Boliden, SSAB, Vostok Gas, Elanders m fl... :-)

Patrik

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